MICROSCALE MEASUREMENT-MODELLING BASED INVESTIGATION PROJECT OF SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN AND AROUND ISTANBUL

The energy problem lies behind environmental problems in the world. Renewable energies stand out as the most important sources in order to prevent other environmental problems as well as climate change. Investments in hydroelectric and wind energies of renewable sources in Turkey have taken place for many years. Since the last years, investments have been made to solar energy in the form of requiring and not requiring a license.

One of the most primary and important stages in solar energy studies is to find a significant relationship between measurements and models determined after measurements by comparing them. In terms of solar energy, micro scaled studies in Istanbul city center and its surroundings (water basins, protection zones, industrial zones, its villages, etc.) were not carried out and solar potential was not confirmed. Besides meteorological variables such as cloudiness, dust, air quality, relative humidity, etc., shading and topographical effects have also great importance in micro-scale applications in terms of solar energy. In order to place the concept of a smart city, firstly detailed analysis of the variables mentioned above, solar energy-based modeling and then environment-friendly energy sources should be used. Considering İstanbul; wind, sun, biomass, wave and current are the leading of these sources

In this study, solar energy is positioned with various micro-medium scaled models (PVGIS, PVSOL, HOMER, RETSCREESN etc.), efficiency analysis and losses are discussed in detail. In addition, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Genetic Algorithms (GA), Fuzzy Logic (FL), Geostatistical Methods (GM), Objective Analysis Methods (OAM), or Numerical Medium Scaled Dynamic Atmospheric Models (MM5), WRF, etc.) are used in areal or temporal movement and forecasts. Also, since satellite data yields results at high accuracy in terms of solar radiation, this data is also investigated in detail. In the research, it is aimed to use and move the measurements closest to the desired points, to obtain maps for energy source, to conduct failure analysis and then finally to make planning. As a result of all these analysis, selecting and placing of photovoltaic (PV) types suitable for the area and carrying out of efficiency analysis have a great importance.

In this analysis process, it is very important to accurately make risk measurements of PV systems in terms of shading, cloudiness, dust and relative humidity.

In addition to all these, small / large scaled applications of floating or fixed PV systems in dam basins in Istanbul and its surroundings are investigated, the systems are installed in accordance actual land conditions within the bounds of possibility and efficiency analysis are carried out in detail with environmental-atmospheric-hydrological-thermodynamic effects. Such applications and researches will be the first in Istanbul and our country.

The project has a unique value because of focusing on a particular region in and around Istanbul. Also, areal and temporal use of various models and methods in and around the city helps to overcome the research and application deficiencies. Besides these, the contribution of solar energy to Istanbul as a green and smart city will be discussed in detail and on the micro scale. And, another plan is Floating Photovoltaic (PVP) systems. These systems, which haven’t applied in our country yet, should be established on dams or ponds and investigated in detail.

The project team has worked on solar energy issues for many years and contributed to many scientific studies. At the end of the project, micro scaled and detailed solar potential and applicability atlas of Istanbul will have emerged. Also, the detailed and experimental investigation of YPVs in the field will also provide a great benefit to our country.

Micro-scaled solar energy modeling will be done for the first time in and around Istanbul in the project. Considering investigation of the general behavior of PV and YPV, investigation of their efficiency, the effects of YPV on evaporation and lake hydrology within the framework of the project; since system designs, design and optimization of floating systems components, their effects on water quality and production of YPVs under different meteorological conditions will be examined, all issues listed above are innovative aspects of the project.

Some studies conducted under this project:

• Production and Supply of Floating Solar Energy Plant Panel Carrier System on the Lake Büyükçekmece [İSTANBUL ENERJİ]
• 9 kWp Photovoltaic System Installation on Lake Büyükçekmece [İSKİ]
• Determination of Solar Energy Potential for Constructions and Settlement Regions in Istanbul, Measurement of Heat Gain-Losses in Buildings, and Investigation and Reporting of Wind Loads Affecting to the Building [BİMTAŞ]
• Follow-up, Analysis and Reporting of Solar Energy Measurement Station Data [İSKİ]
• Feasibility Study and Reporting of Power Generation from Solar Energy with Floating Photovoltaic Systems on Büyükçekmece Dam Reservoir [İSKİ]
• Measurement-Modelling Based Investigation and Reporting of Wind Energy Potential and Applicability in İSKİ Reservoir Basins [Wind Energy]
• Installation of Photovoltaic System On The Roof of Sarıyer Huseyin Kalkavan Vocational and Technical Anatolian High School [T.C. MINISTRY OF EDUCATION ISTANBUL SARIYER HÜSEYİN KALKAVAN VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL ANATOLIAN HIGH SCHOOL]